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虚拟网桥
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虚拟网桥简介
网桥是一类用于转发两个以上网络数据包的设备。Linux可以通过软件实现虚拟网桥功能，虚拟网桥充当一个虚拟交换机的角色对应用而言是透明的，任何物理接口(e.g. eth0)和虚拟接口(e.g. tap0)可以连接虚拟网桥。
当接口添加到网桥后，原接口将作为二层链路接入网桥并失去路由功能，原接口的网络层功能将由网桥接替。请确认当前是否是通过该接口进行远程主机访问的，接入虚拟网桥后将导致网络连接断开。
虚拟网桥管理
通过iproute2管理
# create bridge device
ip link add name <bridge-name> type bridge
# bring bridge device up
ip link set dev <bridge-name> up
# attach interface
ip link set <dev> master <bridge-name>
# dettach interface
ip link set <dev> nomaster <bridge-name>
# delete bridge device
ip link delete bridge_name type bridge
ls -al /sys/class/net/vmbr0/brif/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Apr 25 14:06 .
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 0 Apr 12 21:42 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Apr 25 14:06 enp3s0 -> ../../../../pci0000:00/0000:00:02.1/0000:03:00.0/net/enp3s0/brport
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Apr 25 14:06 tap205i0 -> ../../tap205i0/brport
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Apr 25 14:06 veth101i0 -> ../../veth101i0/brport
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Apr 25 14:06 veth105i0 -> ../../veth105i0/brport
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Apr 25 14:06 veth105i1 -> ../../veth105i1/brport
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Apr 25 14:06 veth110i0 -> ../../veth110i0/brport
特别提示：
通过ip link查看连接网桥的接口是否已经启用再进行网络测试。确认是否包含state UP信息。
ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: enp2s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master vmbr1 state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master vmbr0 state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
ip link set <dev> up